ISSUES
EDUCATION:
The challenges of having poor education can be significant and far-reaching, affecting both the individual and society as a whole. Here are some of the challenges associated with poor education:
Poor health: Poor education can lead to poor health outcomes, as individuals may lack knowledge about healthy behaviors and may not have access to healthcare resources.
Lower life expectancy: Poor education is associated with lower life expectancy, as individuals may not have the knowledge or resources to maintain good health.
Poverty: Poor education can contribute to poverty, as individuals may lack the skills and knowledge needed to secure well-paying jobs.
Unemployment: Poor education can also lead to unemployment, as individuals may not have the skills needed to compete in the job market.
Lower salary: Poor education is often associated with lower salaries, as individuals may not have the skills or credentials needed to secure higher-paying jobs.
Gender inequality: Poor education can contribute to gender inequality, as girls and women may be denied access to education and may not have the same opportunities as boys and men.
Social isolation: Poor education can lead to social isolation, as individuals may lack the knowledge and skills needed to participate fully in their communities.
Illegal activities: Poor education can also contribute to illegal activities, as individuals may lack the skills and knowledge needed to secure legal employment and may turn to illegal activities to make ends meet.
CURES:
Improving education requires a multifaceted approach that addresses the root causes of poor education. Here are some potential cures for poor education:
Improving access to education: Improving access to education is essential for addressing poor education. This includes providing resources such as textbooks, teaching materials, and technology, as well as ensuring that schools are accessible and safe.
Addressing poverty: Addressing poverty is also essential for improving education. This includes providing economic opportunities and resources to families and communities, as well as addressing social and economic inequality.
Providing quality teachers: Providing quality teachers is essential for improving education. This includes ensuring that teachers are well-trained and have the necessary skills to provide quality education.
Promoting health and well-being: Promoting health and well-being is also important for improving education. This includes providing access to healthcare resources and promoting healthy behaviors such as proper nutrition and physical activity.
Addressing gender inequality: Addressing gender inequality is also important for improving education. This includes ensuring that girls have equal access to education and are not discriminated against based on their gender
Providing vocational training: Providing vocational training can also help improve education by providing individuals with the skills and knowledge needed to secure well-paying jobs.
HEALTH
CAUSES:
Poor health can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetics, lifestyle behaviours, exposure to toxic substances, and environmental issues. Here are some of the most common causes of poor health:
Poverty: Poverty is both a cause and a consequence of poor health. Poverty increases the chances of poor health, and poor health, in turn, traps communities in poverty. Infectious and neglected tropical diseases kill and weaken millions of the poorest and most vulnerable people each year. Very poor and vulnerable people may have to make harsh choices – knowingly putting their health at risk because they cannot see their children go hungry, for example.
Lack of physical activity: Lack of physical activity is a common cause of poor health. Staying physically active can help prevent or delay certain diseases, including some cancers, heart disease, and diabetes, and also relieve depression and anxiety.
Improper diet: Improper diet is another common cause of poor health. Eating a balanced diet that includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats can help prevent chronic diseases and promote overall health.
Environmental issues: Environmental factors such as air pollution, unsafe water, and poor sanitation can also contribute to poor health.
Congenital defects: Congenital defects, or birth defects, can also cause poor health.
PROBLEMS:
Poor health can lead to a variety of problems, affecting both the individual and society as a whole. Here are some of the problems associated with poor health:
Reduced quality of life: Poor health can lead to a reduced quality of life, making it difficult for individuals to perform daily activities and enjoy life to the fullest.
Reduced productivity: Poor health can limit an individual's ability to work, leading to reduced productivity and economic opportunities.
Increased medical expenses: Poor health can lead to increased medical expenses, including out-of-pocket spending on care, transportation costs, and informal payments to providers.
Increased risk of chronic diseases: Poor health can increase the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer.
Increased risk of infectious diseases: Poor health can also increase the risk of infectious diseases, particularly in communities with poor sanitation and limited access to healthcare.
Increased risk of mental health problems: Poor health can also increase the risk of mental health problems such as depression and anxiety.
Social and economic inequality: Poor health is often linked to poverty, and poverty can limit access to healthcare and healthy food, perpetuating a cycle of poor health and poverty.
It is important to address the root causes of poor health to prevent these problems and promote overall health and well-being.
CURES:
The cures for poor health depend on the underlying causes of the condition. Here are some general steps that can help improve overall health:
Physical activity: Regular physical activity can improve overall health and reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Adults should aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week, and children should aim for at least 60 minutes of physical activity per day.
Healthy diet: Eating a balanced diet that includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats can help prevent chronic diseases and promote overall health.
Access to healthcare: Access to healthcare is essential for maintaining good health. Individuals should have access to preventive care, such as vaccinations and cancer screenings, as well as treatment for acute and chronic conditions
Reducing exposure to toxins: Reducing exposure to toxins such as air pollution and unsafe water can help improve overall health.
Addressing social and economic factors: Addressing social and economic factors such as poverty, education, and employment can also improve overall health.
It is important to note that the cures for poor health are not always straightforward and may require a combination of approaches. It is also important to consult with a healthcare provider to develop a personalized plan for improving overall health.
ENVIRONMENT:
CAUSES:
Poor environment can be caused by a variety of factors, including socio-economic, institutional, and technological activities. Here are some of the most common causes of poor environment:
Economic growth: Economic growth can contribute to poor environment, as it often leads to increased energy use, transportation, and industrial activities that can harm the environment.
Population growth: Population growth can also contribute to poor environment, as it can lead to increased demand for resources and increased pressure on the environment.
Urbanization: Urbanization can contribute to poor environment, as it can lead to increased demand for resources and increased pressure on the environment. Poor families often move to cities in search of better economic opportunities, which can lead to overcrowding, pollution, and other environmental problems.
Intensification of agriculture: Intensification of agriculture can also contribute to poor environment, as it can lead to increased use of pesticides, fertilizers, and other chemicals that can harm the environment.
Lack of education: Lack of education can contribute to poor environment, as individuals may not have the knowledge or skills needed to protect the environment.
Improper waste disposal: Improper waste disposal can also contribute to poor environment, as it can lead to pollution and other environmental problems.
CURES:
Improving the environment requires a multifaceted approach that addresses the root causes of poor environment. Here are some potential cures for poor environment:
Promoting sustainable practices: Promoting sustainable practices is essential for improving the environment. This includes reducing energy use, promoting renewable energy sources, and reducing waste.
Addressing poverty: Addressing poverty is also essential for improving the environment. This includes providing economic opportunities and resources to families and communities, as well as addressing social and economic inequality.
Improving education: Improving education is important for promoting sustainable practices and ensuring that individuals and communities have the knowledge and skills needed to protect the environment.
Reducing pollution: Reducing pollution is also important for improving the environment. This includes reducing industrial pollution, promoting clean transportation, and reducing waste.
Protecting natural resources: Protecting natural resources is essential for maintaining a healthy environment. This includes protecting forests, oceans, and other natural habitats, as well as promoting sustainable agriculture and fishing practices.
Overall, improving the environment requires a comprehensive approach that addresses the root causes of poor environment and provides resources and support to individuals and communities.
Water Crisis
Even after entering the phase of cultural development, we have used our water resources so blindly by not conserving it properly. As a result of which the Punjab water has become a great threat for itself. Out of 138 blocks, 108 blocks have become dark zones where the underground water has been extracted at a very large scale. 14 blocks, out of 16, has been declared dark zones in Amritsar Distt. which is known as a sacred place having no. of water resources. The water level in Punjab has gone down to such an extent that even modern water extracting motors are unable to pick up water. To get avenge of it, the submersible pumps have been introduced. If the water level goes on decreasing like this, One day will come when it will become difficult even for the submersible pumps to extract water.
The major causes of this wastage are as below
• A lot of discharge of water from earth and negligible recharge
• Huge Paddy cultivation and growing of Neelgiri (safeda)
• Deforestation at large scale
• Decreasing ponds
• Dry rivers
Decreasing area of wetlands Discharge of water at large scale
In 1970-71, 1.92 lakhs tube wells were there in Punjab Overall. But in 2001-02, the counting has raised to 9.50 lakhs. According to Govt. Sources, this is the main reason of lowering water level. Constant growth of paddy and Neelgiri: - It is noticed that there is a vast area in Punjab which comes under paddy crop. There is a great need of water for paddy crop. It is estimated that 2700 litre of water is required for the production of 1Kg. of rice. The production of Neelgiri (Safeda plant) is also at a very large scale for which water is also required in bulk.
JAYANTI, BUDHKI, SISWA in the Shivalik range in Punjab near roparthe rivers namely above are drying & people trying to encroachment of river area.
Decreasing Area of wetlands
According to Govt .point of view, there are 13 wetlands all over in PUNJAB including Kahnuwan Chanab, Keshevepur miani stream, Ranjeet sagar Dam in Gurdaspur Distt. , Jasterwal and Harike in Amritsar, Kanjli in Kapurthala, Nangal in Ropar and Hussaniwala (Ferozpur) Mangowal, Dholband, Malli Dam (Hushiarpur) But most of them are in worse condition now. The wetland area is gradually decreasing because personal encroachment cultivate of land of these wetlands. Kahnuwan chchamb is about to ruin completely is a example of encroachment & land convert to agriculture cultivation. It is worth telling here that these wetlands not only help to raise the water table, but also help to maintain ecological balance.
Wetlands that are about to ruin
(1) Kahnuwan : This wetland is basically surrounded by the area of Gurdaspur which has been turned into agricultural land by government by promotion of build rain drainage for extraction of wetland water & throw it in Beas river.
(2) Jasterwal Lake : It is situated in block Chogavan in Amritsar distt. This is that particular area where natural water has been stopped by the local people. Now tube wells are being used to irrigate the lotus cultivation. In this area.
How to get rid of it ?
1) Do live the dead Ponds : The ponds should be deep and their catch mat Area should be clear & smooth so that rainy water may reach ponds easily. The polluted water should be filtered and poured into ponds.
2) Roof Top Rain water Harvesting : The rain water should be collected on the top of the roofs chanelised it reached the water to small chambers it should be sent inside the earth through Bore Wells throw pipes and filters.
3) Crop Diversification : Other crops must be preferred by decreasing the area under paddy Crop. Further growing of Neelgiri (Safeda Plant) must be stopped and organic manure must be used which consume less water at all.
4) Save wetlands : We should make people aware about the importance of wetlands and give them relative knowledgeable information about conserve the wetlands.
5) Save the rivers : Stop the encroachment of river land flowing nearby the villages.
6) Stop the water wastage : The wastage of water, whether in houses, Agricultural uses or at commercial level, should be stopped.
Biological diversity or biodiversity is the extraordinary variety of life on earth in terms of plants, animals and microorganisms from genes and species to ecosystem.
Importance of Biodiversity
Ecosystem stability
Large resource base to meet the food, health and other needs of the growing world population
National food security system (prevention from disease attack and total crop failure)
Tourism
Cultural and Aesthetic Value
Threats to Biodiversity
Modification and habitat destruction
Overexploitation and MIS evaluation of natural resources
Accidental or deliberate introducing of species
Pollution ( air, water, soil )
Global climate change ( the greenhouse effect and destruction of the zone layer )
Inequity in flow the benefits
Lack of basic ecological data
What Can We Do ?
Restore habitats and eco-systems
Conserve important species-ex-situ and in-situ
Discourage exotics
Promote eco-friendly projects
Involve communities through education and awareness.
Balance needs-follow sustainable living principals
Promote scientific research Sustainable Development - Treads and solution
Environmental Conservation - Treads and solution
What is Global warming ?
• Global warming is increase in the average temperature of the Earth‘s’ surface, lower atmosphere and oceans.
• it is caused by increase in concentrations of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide in the atmosphere having origin human activities.
• Most of the observed increase in global average temperature is attributed to human induced greenhouse effect.
What do we know
• The atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (co2) and methane (CH4) have increased by 31% and 149% respectively above pre-industrial levels (1750 AD).
• The principal sectors contributing to increase in concentration of green house gases include energy, industry, agriculture and forestry. About three-quarters of man –made emissions are due to fossil fuel burning (coal and oil).
• Global average air temperature near the Earth‘s’ surface has risen by0.74_+ 0.180 C during the past century.
• The average global sea level rose at an average rate of 1,8mm per year between 1961 to 2003 and by 3.1 mm per year between 1993 to 2003.
• Maximum temperature is projected to increase by 2-40C by the2050s.
• Climate models referenced by the inter-governmental panel on climate change(IPCC) project that global surface temperatures are likely to increase by 1.1to 60C by the end of this century.
What are the impacts: An increase in global temperatures can cause changes in the climate which manifest as follows:
• Changes in the amount and pattern of precipitation.
• Increase in frequency and intensity of extreme weather events (cyclones, heat waves, drought, floods etc.
• Receding glaciers.
• Rising sea levels.
• Reduced summer stream flows.
• Decline in agriculture yields.
• Increased in incidence of vector-borne diseases (malaria, dengue etc.)
What can we do ?
• Reduce, reuse, and Recycle.
• Drive less, Drive smart –Bike, Bus or Walk.
• Switch them off – mobile chargers, computers and other applications – when not in use.
• Be energy efficient – use CFLs instead of incandescent bulbs.
• Plant trees- help sequester atmospheric carbon.
• Talk about it – create awareness.
• Use jute and cloth bags instead of plastic and polythene.
Legal actions about Environment Conservation
The Environment (Protection) Act , 1986
The Environment (Protection) Rules , 1986
The Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules , 1989
The Manufacture, Storage, and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules
The Manufacture, Use, Import, Export, and Storage of hazardous Micro-organisms/ Genetically Engineered Organisms or Cells Rules
The Public Liability Insurance Act , 1991
The National Environmental Tribunal Act , 1995
The National Environment Appellate Authority Act , 1997
The Biomedical waste (Management and Handling) Rules , 1998
The Environment (Siting for Industrial Projects) Rules, 1999
The Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000
The Ozone Depleting Substances (Regulation and Control)
The Batteries (Management and Handling) Rules, 2001
The Biological Diversity Act , 2002
The Indian Forest Act ,1927
The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
The Wildlife Protection Rules, 1995
The Forest (Conservation) Act , 1980
The Forest (Conservation) Rules, 1981
The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act , 1974
The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act , 1977
The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Rules , 1978
The Coastal Regulation Zone Notification , 1991
The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act , 1981
The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Rules , 1982
The Motor Vehicles Act , 1988
Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989